Memoization is a form of caching where the return value of a function is cached based on its parameters. If the parameter of that function is not changed, the cached version of the function is returned.

Memoization is an optimization technique that makes applications more efficient and hence faster. It does this by storing computation results in cache, and retrieving that same information from the cache the next time it’s needed instead of computing it again.

In simpler words, it consists of storing in cache the output of a function, and making the function check if each required computation is in the cache before computing it.

A cache is simply a temporary data store that holds data so that future requests for that data can be served faster.

Memoization is a simple but powerful trick that can help speed up our code, especially when dealing with repetitive and heavy computing functions