Tag Archives: Catch

Finally

Finally block may also be specified after or instead of catch blocks. Code within the finally block will always be executed after the try and catch blocks, regardless of whether an exception has been thrown, and before normal execution resumes.

<?php
 function doSomething($a, $b) {
 return $a / $b;
 }
 
 try {
 doSomething(1);
 } catch (Exception $ex) {
 echo 1;
 } catch (ArgumentCountError $ace) {
 echo 2;
 } catch (DivisionByZeroError $dbze) {
 echo 3;
 }finally {
 print "This part is always executed\n";
 }
?>

Error Display

• By default, all errors included in error_reporting are reported in php´s output

• This behavior can – and should – be deactivated on production systems using the display_errors = off php.ini setting

• Errors should still be logged, using the log_errors = on php.ini setting

• The error log is a file set in the error_log php configuration setting. if set to syslog, errors are logged in the system log independent on the operating system used.

Error Levels

• PHP supports several types of errors

o notices at runtime
o errors during parsing (prevents code execution)
o warnings at runtime
o fatal errors at runtime (stop code execution)
o Core errors and warnings
o user-defined notices, warnings, and errors

• php configuration setting error_reporting, or php’s error_reporting() function may be used to define which kinds of errors shall be reported

• Value is an integer, or – much more convenient – a bitmask based on pre-defined constants

o E_NOTICE, E_PARSE, E_WARNING, E_ERROR

o E_CORE_WARNING, E_CORE_ERROR

o E_USER_NOTICE, E_USER_WARNING ,E_USER_ERROR

o E_STRICT(„best practices“ notices)

o E_DEPRECATED (features that might disappear in future php versions)

o E_ALL(everything) o and some more

• Typical production setting: E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT

Exception Handling

Exception handling is used to change the normal flow of the code execution if a specified error (exceptional) condition occurs. This condition is called an exception.

Exceptions or errors (more on that see below) end code execution, unless they are handled with try-catch.

try {
// code that throws an Exception
} catch (Exception $ex) {
// Exception is handled, code
continues
}

Several catch statements may be used to differentiate between several kinds of exceptions and errors.

try {
// code that throws an Exception
} catch (CustomExceptionClass $ex) {
// custom Exception is handled
} catch (Exception $ex) {
// Exception is handled
} catch (Error $err) {
// Error is handled
}

Several errors may be handled with the same code.

try {
// code that throws an Exception
} catch (Exception | CustomException $ex)
{
// custom Exception and Exception
}

Optional finally block contains code that runs after the trycatch block, no matter whether an error was caught or not

This is what normally happens when an exception is triggered:

  • The current code state is saved
  • The code execution will switch to a predefined (custom) exception handler function
  • Depending on the situation, the handler may then resume the execution from the saved code state, terminate the script execution or continue the script from a different location in the code

Error Class

• Since php 7, many errors php reports now throw an error exception, not a fatal error as before.

• Subclasses of error exist for the specific type of error, such as parseerror or typeerror.

• To facilitate backwards compatibility, error is not derived from exception.

• Both error and exception implement the throwable interface