Amazon Machine Image (AMI) mainly provides the information required to launch an instance, which is a virtual server in the cloud.

Resource tags are labels that you assign to an AWS resource. Each tag consists of a key and an optional value, both of which you define.

Instance metadata is the data about your instance that you can use to configure or manage the running instance. You can get the instance ID, public keys, public IP address and many other information from the instance metadata by firing a URL command in your instance to this URL:

Storage Gateway is a service in AWS that connects an on-premises software appliance with the cloud-based storage to provide secure integration between an organization’s on-premises IT environment and AWS storage infrastructure.

Storage Gateway service allows you to securely store the data in AWS cloud for the scalable and cost-effective storage.

Storage Gateway is a virtual appliance which is installed in a hypervisor running in a Data center used to replicate the information to the AWS particularly S3.

Amazon Storage Gateway’s virtual appliance is available for download as a virtual machine (VM) image which you can install on a host in your data center.

Storage Gateway supports either Vmware EXI or Microsoft Hyper-V.

Once you have installed the storage gateway, link it with your AWS account through the activation process, and then you can use the AWS Management Console to create the storage gateway option.

There are three types of Storage Gateways:

• File Gateway (NFS)
• Volume Gateway (iSCSI)
• Tape Gateway (VTL)

A region is a geographical area that consists of different availability zones. Each region consists of 2 (or more) Availability Zones.

A region is a collection of Edge Locations available in specific countries.

Compute optimized instances are ideal for compute-bound applications that benefit from high-performance processors, such as batch processing workloads and media transcoding.

Storage optimized instances are designed for workloads that require high, sequential read and write access to very large data sets on local storage. They are optimized to deliver tens of thousands of low-latency, random I/O operations per second (IOPS) to applications.

Memory optimized instances are designed to deliver fast performance for workloads that process large data sets in memory, which is quite different from handling high read and write capacity on local storage.

General purpose instances are the most basic type of instances. They provide a balance of compute, memory, and networking resources, and can be used for a variety of workloads. Since you are requiring higher read and write capacity, storage optimized instances should be selected instead.